Organization Behaviour free essay sample

Wegmans was established in 1916, by siblings Walter and Jack Wegman, as a little family-possessed food store in Rochester, New York State. It was at first called the Rochester Food and Vegetable Company, and worked out of the Wegmanshouse. In the mid 1920s, the Wegmans moved the store to another area and extended the item range to make it an undeniable market selling new produce, pastry kitchen merchandise, and canned products. The store likewise had a little cafeteria. It’s Headquarters in Rochester, New York. Wegmans is reliably casted a ballot as probably the best organization to work for in the US by a few free sources. It is likewise one of the uncommon organizations in the retail segment that had a moderately low willful wearing down rate (seven percent for full time representatives). Wegmans culture is explained in its way of thinking Employees first, Customers second. In any case, regardless of its communicated inclination for representatives over clients, Wegmans is known for its significant level of client assistance. We will compose a custom article test on Association Behavior or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Question No 1 Is Wegamns Culture Strong or Weak and what are the Characteristic of Wegmans culture and how it influence its representatives especially recently recruited employees? Solid culture is said to exist where staff react to boost due to their arrangement to hierarchical qualities. Alternately, there is Weak Culture where there is little arrangement with hierarchical qualities and control must be practiced through broad strategies and administration. Where culture is resilient individuals do things since they trust it is the proper activity. Normal for Wegmans Diversity and equivalent chance. * Respect co-representatives , seek after greatness , have any kind of effect and become enabled

life Essays (203 words) - Catch-22, Film Genres, Humour,

Dilemma was unquestionably a catch! This ?law? was the primary allegory of how insane war truly was and of the military position. Joseph Heller utilized this catch in an entertaining manner, essentially making it an escape clause keeping any warrior from leaving the war. ?Crazy or not, the youngsters are in a roundabout way compelled to participate in battle and battle for a war they don't think about? (http://epubl.itu.se). He utilizes a lot of dark diversion all through the book, to alleviate the repulsions of war, demise, etc. He additionally utilizes such a large number of one of a kind methods which can get so befuddling, that the peruser is occupied from the genuine fear and anguish that individuals face in war. There are 3 explicit instances of dark diversion in the book. For instance, Heller makes the military unfit to appreciate demise and life. Besides, he mocks demise and assault and to wrap things up miscommunication, which is critical to everything. It is very unexpected how a dead man is supposed to be living and how a clearly living man is professed to be dead. This is the way Heller utilizes dark diversion in this specific situation. It?s stunning the intensity of composed word. Most peo...

How Blockchain Will Transform the Digital Marketing Industry

How Blockchain Will Transform the Digital Marketing Industry Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How Blockchain Will Transform the Digital Marketing IndustryUpdated On 07/08/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2OksaTN CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogCryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and the application of Blockchain technology seem to have been embraced by the finance and elements of the business world, including everything from online loans to bank clearing and settlement.But, what other industries can benefit from a decentralized, encrypted ledger system?Digital marketing and advertising seem to be next on the list with both positive and negative applications …Let’s have a closer look:1. Cutting Out the MiddlemenThe Blockchain will allow brands to cut out the middleman advertising platforms so they can target consumers more directly. Because the technology is transparent by nature, it might also build more trust between brand an d consumer during a time when record numbers of people are completely blind to online ads.One way blockchain is being tested with advertising is by tokenizing user behavior and developing a credit system.Exactly how it will roll-out, however, is yet to be seen. It will take a lot to knock-off giants like Google and Facebook and they themselves could adopt blockchain in some way to maintain control over the market.2. Ad HijackingOne element that is impacting digital advertising but is not directly linked to its evolution, is the rise of hackers infecting traditional online ads to hijack people’s computers in order to mine cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.The mining process is done via computing power, so you can understand why hijacking other people’s PCs makes sense.This isn’t always done maliciously either. Some ads use JavaScript to use a visitor’s CPU power only for the time they spend on the website that serves the ad. In fact, this is slowly becoming a method for webmaster s to monetize their sites!This will force reputable advertising platforms to screen out such advertisers, but also force us to rethink what we consider ethical advertising.Could we see a dynamic where consumers allow content creators to use their CPU power as a form of paymentâ€"an adjunct to the Patreon model?3. More User ControlDue to the transparency of Blockchain, we may enter a digital advertising era that gives users more control over their privacy. They choose what they wish to share with advertisers and advertisers pay users in a small amount of cryptocurrency for accepting their ads and giving them access to their data. This model crosses over with smart contract platforms like Ethereum.READ8 Sureshot Benefits Of Blog CommentingBrave blockchain browser and its Basic Attention Token (BAT) is currently working on a way to for users, advertisers, and publishers to trade more openly in ‘online attention.’There are even those that believe the internet itself will move over t o a blockchain powered network when consumers get tired of the traditional giants exploiting their data and invading their privacy.Blockstack may be part of the way there with its decentralized app network. Then there are Skycoin that powers the Skywire network. Developers are paid in the currency for providing services and security for the network.All of this will obviously impact the marketing space.4. Less Fake Clicks and Traffic, Genuine InfluencersThere is an epidemic right now of bots and fraudsters sucking money out of digital advertising and even allegedly having an impact on elections.In fact, it’s estimated that over $1 billion is lost to ad fraud every year!The blockchain also has the potential to regulate and verify when clicks and traffic are genuine or something shady is going on.Blockchain might also be able to further weed out genuine influencers who create real results for marketers and phonies with fake followers and fraudulent returns.5. New Delivery and Reporti ng PlatformsVideo content delivery was the first area affected by blockchain technology and this will soon expand to all areas of digital advertising. It will change how ads are sold, delivered, and measured, with a new level of accuracy.Blockchain may also allow publishers to be paid on impression delivery rather than on the long-winded Net 60 to Net 120 basis.It might be too early to predict exactly how Blockchain will change marketing, but out of all technologies, it will be the most disruptive going forward.Do you work in digital marketing? Let us know in the comments how you think Blockchain will change the industry!

Essay on George Washington - 2315 Words

A man who stood 6 feet, 2 inches tall with teeth composed of wood and hippopotamus ivory does not even begin to describe George Washington. He was born February 22, 1732 but forever lives in American history. He was a large component of the French and Indian War and achieved many accomplishments as a military leader and soldier. One of the most unique qualities of George Washington was the fact that he was very insightful when learning from his prior defeats in battle, and he had a strong will to never give up. He learned from his experiences in each battle to learn more about himself, and more about his desire to change the 13 colonies association with Britain. Although George Washington was born in a privileged English household he took†¦show more content†¦His half brother lived in Mount Vernon. (http://sc94.ameslab.gov/TOUR/gwash.html, 1). In 1745, when George was 13 years old, he took a very important art class that taught him how to sketch maps. Through this art class, he realized a talent that proves to be very valuable later in life. He finds out that he is talented in looking at a country, and sketching it 2 dimensionally. Through this talent, 3 years later, George was given an internship from Lord Fairfax. He was associated with Lord Fairfax due to the fact that it was Lawrence’s half brother in law (Johnson, 15). This ended up being his first time that he needed to speak with the Natives. This showed to be another one of George Washington’s strengths. George was always accepting towards the Indians and, â€Å" treated Indians as a fact of American life-of which scalping their enemies was merely one feature-rather than an occasion for passing moral judgments, for or against† (Johnson, 17). This shows that he never has had any negative opinions on Indians and doesn’t treat them disresp ectfully. This fact can be very helpful when he later becomes involved in the military. However, through this exposure, George begins to develop some opinions on what the Indians should and shouldn’t be allowed to do. He discovers that he believes that the Indians should not be able to settle in the land that is westward. He forms the opinion that this land is reservedShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington891 Words   |  4 Pagessurrender to Great Britain. However, George Washington was not settling with anything less than trying their best. He kept that little flicker of hope that was still left, alive. The Continental Congress did not see much hope in the war either and turned the responsibility of the war to General George Washington. Washington received a message from Congress saying, â€Å"Full power to direct all things relative†¦ to the operations of war.† (Dupuy 63-64). Although Washington did not see this as much of an honorRead MoreGeorge Washington765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Founder of a New Nation There are few figures as large in American history as George Washington. His powerful leadership, determination, and endless patriotism was essential for winning the Revolutionary War, the creation of the United States Constitution, and the establishment of a new government. There are three defining events that happened to George during his life in colonial America. His proper childhood upbringing, his military leadership in the revolutionary war, and his electionRead MoreGeorge Washington2434 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Discipline is the soul of an army. It makes small numbers formidable; procures success to the weak, and esteem to all† George Washington. This quote was said by one of the most intelligent, ambitious military genius; George Washington. Washington used his mind in fighting war instead of just brute force. He turned the battlefield and the art of war into a chess match. Washington’s efforts in the Revolutionary War were very significant I that they ultimately help lead to the American victory in theRead More George Washington Essays897 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington - The Father of Our Country Why has George Washington earned the title Father of our Country? He was a great military leader and served as a general in the Revolutionary War. Washington was very involved in setting up the government of the United States and served as the first President. He is the most honored of any President and there are many things that help us remember him often. With all he has contributed to the success of our country, he certainly deserves this titleRead MoreGeorge Washington Paper1005 Words   |  5 PagesFast Facts on George Washington * Born: February 22, 1732 Pope’s Creek, Virginia * Children: no natural children (Adopted the children of Martha Custis) *Grandfather by marriage of Confederate General Robert E. Lee * Military Service: Commander General, Revolutionary War * Profession: Surveyor/Planter * Political Party: Federalist * Home State: Virginia * Political Offices: Chairman of Constitutional Convention * Died: December 14, 1799 (Age- 670 Last Words:Read More George Washington Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages George Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He attended school for approximately eight years. Washington lived with his mother until the age of 16. At the age of 15, Washington took a job as an assistant land surveyor. In 1748, he began working in the Shanandoah Valley to help survey the land holdings of Lord Fairfax. By 1749, he established a good reputation as a land surveyor and was appointed Culpeper counties official land surveyor. WashingtonRead MoreEssay on George Washington628 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Washington George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 on Popes Creek Farm in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The family George was born into consisted of his father, Augustine Washington, his mother, Mary Washington, and five brothers and sisters: Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. There were also three other older children from his fathers first marriage to Jane Butler, who died in 1729: thirteen year-old Lawrence, twelve year-old Augustine and nine year-oldRead MoreEssay george washington1077 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born in Westmoreland County, Va., on Feb. 22, 1732. George Washington of six children of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. At the age of 16, he lived there and at other plantations along the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, including the river later to be known as Mount Vernon. His education was simple, as surveying, mathematics, and quot;rules of civility.quot; After he lost his father in 1743 at the age of eleven. He was soon sent toRead More George Washington Essay691 Words   |  3 Pages George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the eldest of six children by Augustine Washington and his second wife Mary Ball. The majority of Washington’s education came from his father and after his death when George was 11 years of age in 1743, his elder half-brother Lawrence. Young Ge orge quickly learned the trade of surveying and at the age of 16 in 1748 he joined a surveying party sent out to the Shenandoah Valley by Lord Fairfax, a land baron. ForRead MoreEssay on George Washington1186 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington and the Revolution George Washington was a part of Gods plan for a new country. What he did influenced what America has become. He laid the foundation for presidents to come, and built this country on solid Christian principles. George Washington was born February 22, 1732. His family lived on a few farms on the Potomac River. George was a strong boy. He could ride a horse and shoot a gun by age 10. When George was ten his older brother Lawrence came home

Film Ideology - Milk - 2629 Words

Assignment 2 – Film and Ideology The definition of the word ideology can be represented in many ways. Today’s basic understanding of the word can be defined as â€Å"the body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture† (Farlex, 2009).Gus Van Sant’s exceptional biopic Milk (Gus Van Sant, 2008) depicts the story of Harvey Milk, the slain gay-rights activist who became the first openly gay man elected to any substantial political office in the history of the planet. Harvey Milk’s life changed history – his courage still motivates people today, his ideals still teach people today and his hope still inspire people today. The release of Milk in 2008 has helped to bring back a new sense of†¦show more content†¦Throughout Milk we can see that Harvey, though a very passionate gay-rights activist, is not only looking out for the queer folk. He holds dear to the ideal that everyone is equal. In a way he embodies what Kinsey and Fre ud say. He did not believe in just one norm. In his fight for gay-rights he isn’t trying to one-up the vast heterosexual majority by over throwing them and getting homosexuals to run the world, he is merely trying to get them to see that homosexuals are no different from any other person. Harvey Milk was trying to break down the social barriers that led to narrow minded thinking of just one social norm. In Milk during one of the public rally’s he had, Harvey said that â€Å"all men are created equal. No matter how hard you try, you can never erase those words† – he believed these words with all his heart. To Harvey Milk, he wasn’t just fighting for gay-rights; he was fighting for a way of life that did not constrict its citizens to conform to just one social norm. Milk, Gus Van Sant’s film project that was close to two decades in the making, was released on the 26th of November 2008 and marks the 30th anniversary of Harvey Milk’s death and the brief but brilliant political career he led. Harvey Milk was unfortunately gunned down on November 27th 1978, three weeks after his biggest political victory. The San Francisco city supervisor had been in office less than a year when he spearheaded aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Mad Max Franchise 1709 Words   |  7 Pagesto this analysis: class systems, ideology, and the commodity. The class system in the Marxist perspective encompasses two groups, Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. Those that are a part of the Bourgeoisie â€Å"†¦control the world’s natural, economic, and human resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2) while those in the proletariat â€Å"†¦live in substandard conditions and who have always performed the manual labor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2) These differences never chang e because the bourgeoisie use â€Å"Undesirable ideologies [to] promote repressive politicalRead More Galactosemia Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesGalactosemia missing works cited Galactosemia is a potentially fatal genetic defect that prevents the body from metabolizing milk. It is fatal because an infants early diet consists mostly of milk. The disease does not usually hinder the development of children in North America or Europe; it is a not-uncommon cause of death, however, in third-world nations, where lactose-free milk is not readily available. So, what impacts people afflicted with galactosemia more, the fact that they have the diseaseRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel Animal Farm by George Orwell and the film ‘Chocolat’ by Lasse Halstrom are representations of the composer’s context and reflect the social and political concerns of their era. Although reflections of vastly different contexts both texts encourage the responder to question the role and responsibility of society in relation to the individual. Regardless of nature of the institution there is the expectation that needs of the individual will be met and their autonomy and independence willRead MoreScene Analysis - The Big Lebowski1516 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Coen Brothers is no doubt a comedy film about friendships between three bowling buddies with differing personalities who met and stuck together as friends by choice in Los Angeles when the U.S. army invaded the Middle East. The Coen Brothers manag ed to capture the spirit of friendship bonding, conflicts, characters’ internal struggles as well as personal desires with exceptional cinematography and mise-en-scene through a plot that went from western to Film Noir. There is a cleverly placed contrastRead MoreThe Is The Atomic Bomb Signaled Not Only The Commencement Of The Cold War1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe atomic bomb signaled not only the commencement of the Cold War, but also a political divide between the communist ideologies of the Soviet Union and the democracy of the Western world. A fear of communism behind the Iron Curtain and nuclear annihilation spread throughout the US, while existential views regarding the meaning of life arose. Through their texts, composers subverted dominant Cold War paradigms to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ATQ†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Samuel Beckett’s modernist existential play ‘Waiting for Godot (Godot) (1953)’Read MoreCultural Fiction : Middle Adulthood Essay1968 Words   |  8 Pag esof loss and decline (Hutchison, 2015). These differing views of losses and gains in middle adulthood can be seen in the dynamic between Harvey Milk, and his adversary (and murderer) Dan White. Harvey, throughout the film, accumulates as many resources as he can and makes strides in his cause to gain justice for the gay community. Middle-adulthood, for Milk, was truly the prime of his life. His political opponent, Dan White, however, experienced a series of losses, including his job and his politicalRead MoreData Analysis. In This Chapter, I Compare And Contrast1718 Words   |  7 PagesData Analysis In this chapter, I compare and contrast representations of gender and motherhood in two pop culture sites—the film The Kids Are All Right, the television series The Fosters. My intention is to examine representations of gender and motherhood and uncover these discourses affect lesbian parents and lesbians more broadly. The following sections divide into individual discussions of each cultural text to reveal the cogs within each site. I then compare and contrast both texts to investigateRead MoreIn This Chapter, I Present How Two Pop Cultural Sites—The1713 Words   |  7 PagesIn this chapter, I present how two pop cultural sites—The film The Kids Are All Right, the television series The Fosters—represent butch motherhood. My intention is to expose the discourses in action to reveal how they operate and contain instruction that delivers as disciplinary performance. I divide the following sections into individual discussions of each cultural text to reveal the cogs within each site. I then compare and contrast both texts to investigate the tensions between both productionsRead MoreThe Cold War And The War I And II1850 Words   |  8 Pagesprominent in three areas – board games, comics and film within the home, cunning posters and videos on a national domain and lastly, in various forms of media such as speeches and government-created videos targeted to an international audience. The governments of both communist and capitalist nations tweaked several elements of popular culture to influence the people within their homes to support their nation’s effort towards fighting the opposing ideology. Donald Crandall, a heavily anti-communist entrepreneurRead MoreBritain ´s First and Only Female Prime Minister1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfor global hegemony, says The Times. The changes allowed international banks like Goldman Sachs to step in and attracted a river of foreign business, says Fox News. b)Many people remember Thatcher as the Education Secretary who snatched free milk from 7 to 11 year olds. But her education legacy is more positive than that, says The Independent. Her Education Reform Act was responsible for introducing a national curriculum, setting up the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted), bringing in

Auditor’s Responsibilities in Fraud and Error Detection

Auditor’s Responsibilities in Fraud and Error Detection Auditing October 17, 2011 Auditor’s Responsibilities in Fraud and Error Detection In recent years, scandals such as Enron and WorldCom have not only brought up the question â€Å"Where were the auditors?,† but have also brought to our nation’s attention that auditing of public companies must be done with more precision and must have guidelines on the proper way to account for different items. Fraud, illegal acts, and errors happen every day and it is the auditor’s responsibility to find these mistakes and fraudulent accounting in order to make a qualified opinion. The government has helped by setting guidelines in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the PCAOB (Public Companies†¦show more content†¦This is another area where errors come into place most commonly when a company does not capitalize its leases. In 2009, KMPG was being held partly liable for the downfall of New Century, since during the audits, the auditors found errors in the financial statements but were silenced by the partners so they could keep New Century as a client. KMPG ended up having to pay over forty-five million dollars for not detecting the errors. This is why auditors must make sure they do not give unqualified opinions when errors are present on the financials, or they could cost their company a lot of money. In addition to fraud, auditors must also know how to detect other illegal acts when auditing a business. There is further explanation by the Statements on Auditing Standards under SAS 109, which requires auditors to understand the risks associated with the entity’s regulatory, legal, and political environments, including their requirements. When there is a high risk, the auditors must make sure that there are effective internal controls implemented and operating. This also stresses the importance of auditors to be familiar with the entity so they are aware of the environmental requirements and whether or not the shareholders are at risk. For example, not properly disposing of toxic waste could call for huge fines and sanctio ns by the government and greatly affect a company’s financials. These are procedures accountantsShow MoreRelatedThe Auditor and Fraud1175 Words   |  5 PagesEXPLAIN THE RESPECTIVE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGEMENT AND AUDITORS IN THE PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF FRAUD. The primary responsibility for fraud detection lies with management. This arises due to a contractual duty of care. Directors are able to discharge their duty toward prevention and detection of fraud and error in many ways, for example: * Complying with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance * Developing a code of conduct, monitoring compliance and taking action againstRead MoreThe Degree Of Auditor Responsibility For The Detection Of Fraud1790 Words   |  8 PagesThe degree of auditor responsibility for the detection of fraud has been re-defined repeatedly over the history of audit and is still generating considerable discussion in recent years, at the hand of financial crisis and a number of huge scandals, such as Enron – WolrdCom – Parmalat – Satyam Computer Services, which caused auditing to become headline news, and therefore widened the expectations gap between the audit firms and the public, and raised further questions about the audit value to societyRead MoreThe Auditor s Responsibility For Detecting Fraud1227 Words   |  5 Pageswith the financial statements, â€Å"the auditor’s responsibility for detecting fraud is not discussed (Mancino, 1997)†. This is occurring because â€Å"auditors do not examine every transacti on that happens or event and that would mean there is no guarantee that all material misstatements, whether caused by error or fraud could be detected (Mancino, 1997)†. There should be a spot on the audit report that states the auditor’s roles and their limitation into finding fraud. â€Å"There also seems to be some issuesRead MoreThe Auditor‚Äà ´s Responsibility to Consider Fraud and Error in an Audit of Financial Statements.2148 Words   |  9 PagesThe Auditor’s Responsibility to Consider Fraud and Error in an Audit of Financial Statements. The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions established on Safar 1, 1410 Hijri (February 26, 1990) at Algiers and registered in Bahrain on Ramadan 11, 1411 Hijri (March 27, 1991) has so far (April, 2004) set the following Financial Accounting Standards, Auditing Standards, Governance Standards Code of Ethics for Accountants Auditors of Islamic Financial Institutions: Read MoreClarified Statements On Auditing Standards1705 Words   |  7 Pages(AU-C), bringing both significant and subtle changes. For some of the standards only the format changed but others significantly impacted the auditor’s work. This project was very important for the globalization of the auditing standards. The most significant changes of the project are the consistent and clear format for all standards; changes in the auditor’s report; changes in the standards for group audits. Each statement on auditing standards (SAS) has the same format consisting of introductionRead MoreFraud : Fraud And Fraud1551 Words   |  7 PagesFraud Detection Paper INTRO Fraud has plagued the world of accounting since the establishment of the profession. Fraud can be committed against an individual or a business. In order to identify fraud, an auditor must be able to differentiate between what is considered fraud and what is considered error. Fraud as defined in our textbook as â€Å"intentional misstatements that can be classified as fraudulent financial reporting and/or misappropriation of assets.† On the other hand, error is â€Å"unintentionalRead MoreChapter 3 Risk Assessment and Materiality Answers to Review Questions3366 Words   |  14 Pagesstatements, while engagement risk relates to the auditors exposure to financial loss and damage to his or her professional reputation. 3-2 Inherent risk and control risk differ from detection risk in that inherent risk and control risk exist independent of the audit. The levels of inherent risk and control risk are functions of the client and its environment, and the auditor has little control over these risks. The auditor can control detection risk through the scope (nature, timing, and extent)Read MoreInvestigating The Failure Of Fraud Detection982 Words   |  4 Pagesmonths or even years before detection. It has been identified that there are three factors that often combine to lead individuals to commit fraud: pressure or an incentive to engage in fraud, a perceived opportunity and the ability to rationalize fraudulent behavior. Because fraudulent activities are usually well planned and intentionally covered up, it is difficult for the auditor to detect these incidents. Although fraud does not happen as often as misuse and error, when it does occur, it negativelyRead MoreThe Audit Expectation Gap Analysis192 2 Words   |  8 Pagesthe public assumes to be the role of audit and what the audit profession claim their role is in carrying out the audit function. . All the theories above describe the expectations the stakeholders have of the auditors, including protection against fraud, warning of future insolvency, general re-assurance of financial well-being, safeguards for auditor independence and understanding of audit reports. Although these expectations seem to be rather natural, however, an audit expectations gap does existRead MoreSaks Fifth Avenue Case Study Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of internal controls. Of note are Saks’ zero-tolerance policy of employee theft, anti-harassment policy and complaint procedure. Also, the case study highlights control activities in a major retail store. Finally, it questions what an auditor’s role is concerning employee’s work environment. Question #1 In your opinion, was Saks’ zero-tolerance policy for employee theft reasonable? Was the policy likely cost-effective? Defend your answers. The case presented only one instance when

Business Statistics Australian Firms

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Statisticsfor Australian Firms. Answer: Introduction: The current report aims to provide critical evaluation of the performance of the major Australian companies provided with the help of descriptive statistics. The main descriptive statistics used for evaluating the performance of the main Australian firms include mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In this context, Anderson et al. (2014) stated that descriptive statistics are descriptive coefficients, which help in summarisation of data set. This could signify the overall population or a sample of the same. The first segment of the report concentrates on providing advice to the investors regarding whether to purchase shares from a single firm or maintain a portfolio of shares. This is because such an advice is crucial in the current era due to the uncertainty of rapid growth in the existing global environment. The latter segment of the report sheds light on computing the different measures of central tendency based on the provided data. Finally, the implications of the values obtained have been discussed to depict the learning from statistics. Case Study: Performance of Major Australian companies Summary Averages and Measures of Dispersion for the Provided Group of Shares and their Implications: Particulars Mean Coefficient of variance Standard Deviation P/E Ratio Dividend Yield P/E Ratio Dividend Yield P/E Ratio Dividend Yield Shares 1-10 16.60 5.08 0.56 0.33 9.22 1.67 Shares 11-20 18.50 4.80 0.66 0.42 12.28 2.01 All shares 17.55 4.94 0.60 0.37 10.61 1.81 Table 1: Summary averages and measures for the provided group of shares (Source: As created by author) The above table mainly helps in illustrating the values related measure of central tendency (mean) and measures of dispersion (coefficient of variance and standard deviation). The provided data of the shares have been segregated into three groups, the first two contains 10 shares each respectively and the third group contains all the provided shares. The implications of the following statistical measures have been discussed as follows: Mean: According to Calhoun (2015), mean is the most popular measure of central tendency, which could be used with both continuous and discrete data. The mean value of the initial 10 shares in terms of P/E ratio has been obtained as 16.60, while that for the dividend yield is 5.08. The mean values of the remaining 10 shares and the overall number of shares in case of P/E ratio are computed as 18.50 and 17.55 respectively, while those for the dividend yield are 4.80 and 4.94 respectively. This depicts the inverse relationship between P/E ratio and dividend yield of the portfolio of shares. The higher P/E ratio indicates positive future growth of a particular stock in future; while a higher dividend yield provides greater returns to the investors (Edwards, Edwards and Xie 2014). Therefore, according to the mean values, the shares 11-20 could expect to grow more in future; however, the dividend payout might be minimised. Standard Deviation: The standard deviation values in terms of P/E ratio for three types of shares are obtained as 9.22, 12.28 and 10.61 respectively. Similarly, the values in terms of dividend yield are obtained as 1.67, 2.01 and 1.81 respectively. In this context, Fraser (2016) remarked that standard deviation is a measure of dispersion of the data set from its mean value. The SD values depict that the second group of shares carries greater amount of risk, which is followed by the third group and the first group. Therefore, the returns associated with the second group of shares might result in significant losses for the investors due to unanticipated external risks. Coefficient of Variance: In the words of Jaggia et al. (2016), the coefficient of variance helps in gauging the spread to explain the degree of variability with respect to the mean value. The coefficients of variances for the first 10 shares, last 10 shares and the overall number of shares are obtained as 0.56, 0.66 and 0.60 respectively relative to P/E ratio. In case of dividend yield, the coefficients of variances are found as 0.33, 0.42 and 0.37 respectively. Therefore, the coefficient of variance depicts that the amount of variability is nominal with respect to mean. Advice Regarding Purchase of Shares in a Single Organisation: In the current global competitive environment, there is uncertainty prevailing in the prospect of rapid growth. The purchase of shares in a single organisation has certain merits and drawbacks, which are briefly demonstrated as follows: Merits: The4 purchase of one individual stock would result in minimised fees for the investors. This is because the investors are not required to incur any yearly management fee to the fund organisation for asset investment. Instead, the fee is paid at the time of purchasing and selling the share (Rhodes, 2015).Therefore, the greater the holding period of the stock, the lower is the ownership cost. With the help of investment on a single stock, the investors could handle taxes effectively. This is because the investors are in charge of the selling time and therefore, they control the timing of taking profits or losses. Drawbacks: Holding individual share would restrict the investors in achieving diversification. The investment in a single share carries greater amount of risk in accordance with the portfolio theory and therefore, an investor is required to own between 20 and 50 stocks. The investors need additional time in monitoring their portfolios. This is because the investors are required to ensure that the organisations, in which they have invested, are not confronted with business problems (Selvanathan, Selvanathan and Keller 2014). Based on the above discussion, it is evident that the investors aim to achieve maximum returns with lower amount of risk involved in the shares. This is because diversification of portfolio would help in reducing the risk of losses possible from a single stock to compensate the overall amount of the investors. From the 20 provided companies listed in the ASX, it is recommended to the investor to invest in the shares of BT Investment by taking into account the P/E ratio and dividend yield of the firm. Although News Corp has higher P/E ratio in contrast to BT investment, the dividend yield of the former is lower compared to the former. The investors prefer to invest in shares, which have high P/E ratio along with effective dividend yield. However, the investors could diversify their portfolios by investing in AMP Limited and QBE Insurance to minimise the risk of holding a single portfolio. Mean, Median and Mode of the Provided Data: 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 5 In order to arrive at the values pertaining to measures of central tendency, the provided data set has been sorted out from smallest to largest values. Mean = (0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 5)/ 15 = 1.20 Median (Middlemost value) = 1 (8th position out of 15 values) Mode (Maximum frequency) = 1 (repeated 6 times, which is higher than any other value) Mean, Median and Mode of the Provided data: 19 29 33 36 38 42 45 52 60 Mean = (19 + 29 + 33 + 36 +38 + 42 + 45 + 52 + 60)/9 = 39.33 Median = 38 Mode = Not available Learning from the Above Statistics: In order to calculate the above statistics, it is necessary to arrange the values from ascending to descending order (Tran 2016). According to the mean value obtained, it has been found that the exam has been completed within 39.33 minutes. However, the median value suggests that the students have completed the statistics exam within 38 minutes. The modal value could not be obtained in this case, as no single value has been repeated more than once in the provided set of data. This is mandatory to arrive at the modal value. However, the most effective measure of central tendency is the mean, as it takes into account both continuous and discrete data. Therefore, it could be inferred that the average time taken on the part of the selected students to complete the exam is 39.33 minutes. Summary: From the above discussion, it has been found that both measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion are inevitable tools to facilitate the decision-making process of the investors. From the statistical values of the stock prices obtained for the provided 20 companies, it has been evaluated that the shares 11-20 have greater possibility to grow further in future. However, the dividend payout of the investors might be minimised in the long-run. Along with this, the investors are recommended to diversify their portfolios, instead of investing in a single stock for lowering the amount of risk to ensure steady returns. Finally, the measures of central tendency have been computed based on the provided data. The mean value has been considered as the most effective measure of central tendency and thus, the average time taken to complete the statistics exam is obtained as 39.33 minutes. References: Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2014.Essentials of statistics for business and economics. Cengage Learning. Calhoun, P., 2015. STAT 119 Elementary Statistics for Business. Edwards, H., Edwards, S. and Xie, G., 2014. BizStats: A Data and Story Library for Business Statistics. InTopics from Australian Conferences on Teaching Statistics(pp. 405-410). Springer New York. Fraser, C., 2016. Statistics for Decision Making and Competitive Advantage. InBusiness Statistics for Competitive Advantage with Excel 2016(pp. 1-3). Springer International Publishing. Jaggia, S., Kelly, A., Beg, A.B.M., Leighton, C., Olaru, D., Salzman, S. and Sriananthakumar, S., 2016.Essentials of business statistics: communicating with numbers. McGraw-Hill Education. Rhodes, C., 2015. Business statistics.Economic policy and statistics. Selvanathan, S., Selvanathan, S. and Keller, G., 2014.Business Statistics: Australia/New Zealand. Cengage Learning. Tran, D.H., 2016. Business Statistics II: Syllabus: Spring 2016.

Taxing The Internet Essay Research Paper With free essay sample

Taxing The Internet Essay, Research Paper With the Internet turning in popularity every twenty-four hours, traffic on the Internet has doubled every 100 yearss ( NCPA ) ; the idea of taxing the Internet has become a het treatment. Advocates of the revenue enhancement say it will bring forth big net incomes for local and province authoritiess through gross revenues revenue enhancement. While oppositions province that the populace has become accustomed to non paying revenue enhancements online, and that taxing would decelerate the rapid growing of Internet commercialism. The Clinton disposal has decided non to revenue enhancement minutess made over the Internet # 8212 ; for the clip being. Clinton advisor Ira Magaziner says the Net should be tax-exempt for at least five old ages. Presidential campaigners seem to hold besides aligned together to plight how they would halt the tax collector immersing his Myxocephalus aenaeus hands into internet. In some respects, a farther prohibition on new Internet revenue enhancements is neither here nor at that place, because the existent job is the trouble of roll uping those old revenue enhancements that should already use to e-commerce. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxing The Internet Essay Research Paper With or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to the National Center for Policy Analysis s survey of the Commerce Department, online commercialism is expected to make $ 300 billion by 2002. The Internet has been responsible for a one-percentage-point bead in rising prices and is turning twice every bit fast as the overall economic system. A study from the Department of Commerce recommends that electronic commercialism non be # 8220 ; burdened with extended ordinance, revenue enhancement or censoring # 8221 ; ( NCPA ) . Those who oppose Internet revenue enhancement predict that any move to roll up such revenue enhancements would drench the tribunals with cases over legal power. Another point made by oppositions of Internet revenue enhancement provinces that if a gross revenues revenue enhancement were implemented, on-line Sellerss would merely travel offshore. Besides states without gross revenues revenue enhancements gain economically ; Oregon, for illustration, is already outpacing provinces with gross revenues revenue enhancements as the location of pick for Internet merchants. Elimination of a province gross revenues revenue enhancement may bring on concerns to turn up in a province, where revenue enhancements on concern and its employees will finally transcend the lost gross revenues revenue enhancement grosss ( Is Gross saless Tax ) . Historically the huge majority of goods and services people consumed were purchased in the immediate locality, so a gross revenues revenue enhancement made sense. However, two developments are changing the basic premise on which the gross revenues revenue enhancement remainders, growing of gross revenues over the Internet and turning portion of end product that is in the signifier of services, instead than physical goods ( . This may non look much of a job now, while the province caissons are overruning with money and e-commerce is in its babyhood. But the longer nil is done, the more clients will go accustomed to avoiding revenue enhancements when shopping online and the more unpopular will be any effort to alter that state of affairs ( Economist ) . Bibliography The Economist. Taxing the Internet. [ Online ] March 25th # 8211 ; 31st 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.economist.com/editorial/freeforall/current/index_us2912.html. National Center for Policy Analysis. Regulation Policy: Taxing the Internet. [ Online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncpa.org/pd/regulat/regapr98g.html. National Center for Policy Analysis. Is the Gross saless Tax Obsolete? [ Online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncpa.org/ pi/taxes/pd032400e.html. Ming dynasties, Turley. The Study of Economics, Sixth Edition. Dushkin Publishing Group, United States, 1999.

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea You might think the best and most productive worker in the room is the one balancing 17 tasks at once and zooming up and down the halls, but you’d be wrong! It turns out that sometimes the smartest and most successful people are the ones who ease up on the throttle, turn down the pace, and work more slowly and mindfully. Here are just a few ways how a  slower approach to work can pay off hugely in the long run.1. You need more time than you think†¦ to think.It’s hard to do your best cognitive and creative work in the frenzy of the workplace. What if that frenzy were just†¦ pointless, though? If you start to think â€Å"slow,† you’ll give yourself time to ease the pressure, get creative, let your ideas simmer until they’re ready to emerge. Instead of jumping rapidly- and inefficiently- from task to task, try deliberately slowing down. You might be amazed at how much time you actually have in a given day when working effectively instead of in a frenzy.2. Your rational brain kicks in.You’ll be more confident in your ideas and decisions when you make them mindfully. Move away from your super fast automatic or â€Å"sympathetic† nervous system and those knee-jerk reactions, and towards the slower, more logical â€Å"parasympathetic† nervous system. You’ll get out of mental loops and autopilot and come to more logical decisions about which you can be more confident.3. Your listening skills improve.Are you frantically tuning people out, smiling and nodding because you’re just too busy to put down your task and listen? Curb this common behavior and learn to truly process the ideas and concerns of others. You never know when this might help you find the missing piece to a personal puzzle, or gain more respect and traction among your coworkers.4. You’ll make fewer mistakes.Working this way, slowing your pace to be more meticulous and measured, means that you’ll make fewer mist akes. And the mistakes you do make will be much easier to rectify. You might even learn something and have the time and space to internalize that lesson before moving on.5. Your brain will remember how to act.This kind of practice is also great because it will eventually train your brain to slow down and work this way automatically. Soon it won’t be a project, but just the way you work.6.  You can eliminate unnecessary work.Sometimes busy work is just that†¦ busy. Working slowly can help you realize which tasks are not necessary. Save yourself and your coworkers from extraneous work. Don’t create extra tasks for yourself or others when you could concentrate on the projects that really matter.7. You’ll learn to let go of stress.Instead of chewing your nails down to the quick and tapping your feet annoyingly while waiting for coworkers to finish off their tasks, concentrate on the work on your desk. Do it right, rather than fast. And instead of concentratin g on getting everything done, try working just on the task at hand and getting it done right. Relax a little and understand that it’s just not possible to leave work every day with a blank to-do list.

Coke as a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC Personal Statement

Coke as a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC - Personal Statement Example Ever since I was a child, I remember drinking Coke every time I want to get instant refreshment. Coke is there during special occasions like parties and lunches. Furthermorer, it accompanies me even in my everyday undertakings. In fact, Coke is synonymous with refreshment to me. I just love the invigoration that consuming a can of Coke brings me. I drink it whenever I can-when I am stressed out, when I get too exhausted, and when I need an extra dose of caffeine to get me going. I associate Coke with words such as thirst quenching and more recently, with my quest to live a healthier lifestyle. No kidding. I have seen how Coke evolved. Starting from its claim of being a healthy and medicinal drink, it became a mainstay in fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC. The intense competition with Pepsi pushed it to reinvent itself to the protest of its loyal patrons. Thus, the new Coke was rebranded while the original formulation was fortunately retained in the market. The growing health consciousness among consumers urged Coca-cola to reinvent itself by offering better-for-you variants which utilized artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. Coke Diet, Coke Light and Coke Zero were launched in the market to the amusement and support of customers like me. Aside from getting rid of unhealthy sugar, this variant is fortified with vitamins, minerals and infused with green tea which suits my lifestyle. The evolution of Coca-cola did not change its promise of providing refreshment to its customers-in fact, it now gives more than that. After my decision of shifting to and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, I thought I would have to give up drinking Coke my whole life. However, it seems as if the brand knows my needs that it is willing to adapt and reinvent itself so that I could still drink it whenever and wherever I want. The added vitamins and minerals is really a huge plus for it. I have read somewhere that green tea aids in weight loss by speeding up an individual's metabolism. Yes, instead of making me fat, Coke might actually enable me to lose weight by burning calories at a faster rate. These reasons make Coca-cola the top brand of soft drink for me. Actually, I don't see it as a soft drink now-I perceive it as a health drink. My passion for Coke influences my other purchase decisions especially in choosing which fastfood to dine in. I definitely don't dine out at KFC and Pizza Hut noting that they don't serve Coke but only Pepsi. Yes, sometimes I just get so choosy with the drinks while others see them as minor part of the meal. For me, it makes a lot of difference-I can actually tell the difference between Coke and Pepsi. The taste is never the same Yes, I am a self-confessed Coke addict who can't live a day without having a can of this refreshment. Coke does not only add life, for me, it is life itself. Blame it on marketing gurus who worked to formulate a good product which commands global acceptance. Blame it on the intensive and very efficient marketing campaign. Blame it on the proper pricing which made it affordable even with the current recession. Blame it on its wide distribution network which makes it available anywhere I go. I will always consider Coca-cola to be one of the best brands in the world. With the current quest of its company

Market Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Market Risk - Essay Example The purpose of risk management is to reduce the impact of different risks related to a purpose. It may be caused by risks posed by the environment, technology, organization or politics. But in financial management, risks can be managed using traded financial instruments and therefore there is a need to understand the importance of fundamentals in risk management. Governor Randal S. Kroszner, speaking before the American Bankers Association, Spring Summit Meeting in Washington, D. C. held on March 11, 2008, spelled out the importance of fundamentals in risk management. He stressed that there are fundamental issues that must be addressed by financial institutions in the light of economic disruptions and points out to sound risk management practices. Governor Kroszner cited an example as one of failures of bank’s policy is risk concentration, and cited an example of â€Å"putting all eggs in one basket†, and that by concentration, he said, â€Å"losses could occur at one time.† Gov. Kroszner noted that as concentration of banks to its functions of basic lending, holding of securities, trading of complex instruments, providing liquidity instruments, engaging in off-balance sheet transactions and other financial activities, banks are treading on a new market where there are information and unidentified data which form hidden risks, and manifests its presence only during times of problems. An example, Gov. Krozzner said, is the market- wide demand for liquidity experienced by US recently. (Governor  Randall S. Kroszner, 2008) In governance, information is the key for control and this lies in the hands of senior management who are entrusted to do this function. Gov. Kroszner stated why information is important link taking into consideration recent events in the US.. He said that when information is kept â€Å"in silo† and not distributed â€Å"vertically and horizontally within firms† a segregation prevents managers from

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media Essay

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media Essay The greatest advantage of mass media is the power to reach a large number of people all around the world in a very short period of time. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media influences our likes and dislikes, opinions regarding many important issues, views, behavior, our values and our style. Its primary purpose is to inform, but looking at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis children are being exposed to television and what is on it. Unfortunately, violence has taken over the entertainment world not only on television, but also in video games and movies. For many years massive amount of violence in media has been of great concern not just for parents, but also for researchers and psychologists. In this study my main focus is on the effects media violence has on children and how parents can approach children to reduce the effect of media violence. Before we take a further step into looking at the effects of violence in mass media let us define mass media. According to Lane, by definition, mass communication is a message created by a person or a group of people sent through a transmitting device (a medium) to a large audience or market.  [1]  To make it simpler mass media is: radio, television, film, newspapers, internet, books, video games and other devices that reach and influence people all over the world.2 The three main functions of mass media are to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. As stated by Signorielli, the medium that is part of everyday life and most often used by us is the television. On average, or television set is on for more than seven hours each day. Children and older people are most likely to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults.3 According to Signorielli, the Center for Media and Public Affairs isolated physical violence on ten channels (net work, independents and cable) during one day. Violence appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour; early morning (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour; and prime time, with 102 acts per hour. 4 As said by Signorielli, most of the violent acts that are on television may channel the message that aggressive behaviors are not actually considered wrong. A lot of times characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they have done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the realism of violence and how things would turn out in real life for a person who has committed a crime such as stealing or murder. A lot of times violence on television is rather presented in the context of humor and comedy. Such messages may seem to be acceptable by viewers, especially children, and make them think that it is all right to follow such aggressive model behaviors.5 Researchers, who take an interest in media violence, especially televised violence, and in how it influences children, have put forward four findings: The first and perhaps most important factor is observational learning, which refers to the process through which people learn to imitate role models and types of behavior, especially if the behavior is perceived as being rewarded. This process seems to be at work not only in the imitation of televised aggression among children, but also in the influence of highly publicized murders, suicides, and prize fights among adults. The second factor is the change in attitudes that often occurs through television viewing. Studies have shown that children who watch substantial amounts of television are more likely than less avid viewers to accept aggressive behavior in other children. Other research suggests that violence on television can cultivate attitudes of suspicion and images of an extremely violent world in the minds of its viewers. A third possible factor is physiological arousal, the idea that viewers are stimulated by observing violence, to which they may nevertheless become desensitized over time, and that this arousal leads to, or is maintained by, subsequent aggressive activity. The fourth factor involves the process of justification. Many people who watch televised violence may already engage in violent behavior or possess aggressive tendencies, and may then find in television a form of justification for their actions.6 ________________________ 5 Nancy Signorielli, 33-34. 6 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, Mass Communication. Consumers and Producers, (New York; HarperCollins College Publishers, 1993), 85-86. Looking at the above findings it can be concluded that violence in media has a huge effect on children, as well as on adults. But let us not jump to conclusions and take a closer look at these situations and interpret them with greater attention to detail and with reference to facts. There is a great controversy whether media violence has any impact on childrens behavior. A single conclusion has not been reached, but enough data has been gathered to give attention to many important facts. Researchers have been investigating the effects of mass media through two leading approaches: The survey is carried out in the real world and usually consists of a large group of individuals who answer questions put to them via a questionnaire A special kind of survey, a panel survey, allows researchers to be more confident about attributing patterns of cause and effect in survey data. The panel study collects data from the same people at two or more different points in time. As a result, it is possible, using sophisticated techniques that control the effects of other variables, to see if viewing televised violence at an early age is related to aggressive behavior at a later date. The experiment is performed in a laboratory and usually consists of the controlled manipulation of a single factor to determine its impact on another factor. A special kind of experiment, a field experiment, is conducted in a real-life setting. Field experiments are more realistic than laboratory experiments but they are also harder to control.7 Media violence has not just been a concern of parents, researchers and psychologists, but also of government. All the studies that have been conducted over the years have been done so through laboratory experiments and field studies. According to the article Research on the Effects of Media Violence, hundreds of studies conducted over the years proof that exposure to media violence causes children to behave more aggressively and affects them as adults years later.8 The article also mentions that in 1956, a laboratory experiment has been conducted on 24 ___________________________ 7 Joseph R. Dominick, The Dynamics of Mass Communication; 3rd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990), 530-531. 8 Media Awareness Network, Research on the Effects of Media Violence, (2010), http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm . children. Researchers have divided these children into two equal groups. The research focused on children watching television, in this case cartoons and their behavior afterwards. One of the groups watched an episode of Woody Woodpecker, which contained violent acts, and the other watched an episode of The Little Red Hen, which was free of violence. Afterwards all 24 children were taken into the same room to play. The researchers have noticed that boys and girls, who have seen, Woody Woodpecker, acted more violently than children that have seen the non-violent one. Children who have seen an episode of Woody Woodpecker were more violent toward other children and were the ones to break things. The article Research on the Effects of Media Violence mentions, Jeffrey Johnson, a professor at the University of Columbia, who for 17 years has observed 707 different families in upstate New York. He started in 1975 and concluded his studies in 2002. As a result he declared that boys and girls w ho were exposed to a few hours of television on daily basis were more likely to be aggressive as adults. He stated that 60 percent of those children were more likely to get into fights and be aggressive toward others.9 As stated by Hunt, over the years the government has commissioned studies to prove that media violence contributes towards aggressive behavior in children. In the 1960s two commissions have been set up by the government the National Commission on the Cause and Prevention of Violence and the Surgeon Generals Scientific Advisory Committee on TV and Social Behavior to take up studies in how media violence affects children. Two methods, laboratory experiments and field studies, were used in those studies. As a result it has been determined that viewing violence on TV contributes to violent or aggressive behavior in viewers. 10 Going back to what the researchers have found Smith states that, observational learning, also known as social learning or modeling, is a form of learning in which people acquire new behavior by watching someone else perform that behavior. The person performing the behavior is known as the model, and the learner is known as the observer.11 Observational learning is the process of children imitating characters from TV and their behaviors. According to Dominick, the best known observational learning researcher is Albert Bandura and his experiment with a rubber doll called Bobo doll.12 ____________________________ 9 Media Awareness Network, http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm . 10 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, 83. 11 S.E. Smith, What is observational learning?, (September 8, 2010), http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-observational-learning.htm. 12 Joseph R. Dominick, 540. Through the experiment that has been conducted in the 1960s by Albert Bnadura and his co-workers showed that violence on TV and movies were serving as a school of violence.13 As stated by Dominick, in one of the experiments, that Bandura performed, preschool children were seated in front a film in which a person acted aggressively towards a rubber doll. Children who have seen the film and were placed in the same situation with the rubber doll acted quite more violently towards the doll than those children who have not seen the film before. In recent years a similar experiment has been conducted except this time a human being dressed as a clown took over the role of the rubber doll. A large number of children attacked the clown with aggression although it was a smaller number than in the case of the rubber doll. However, this only pertains to the children who have seen the film. Those who have not seen it did not take up such actions. It has also been concluded from this experiment th at children who were given a prize for being aggressive and who saw that the people in the movie were also being rewarded for it were far more violent.14 This experiment showed that children imitate actions that they see on TV. They want to be and act alike because they think it is acceptable to do so. I think that parents play a large role here since it is their duty to talk to their children and help them distinguish right from wrong. To argue the other side of this experiment, Dominick states, there is some evidence to suggest that media violence may not be entirely responsible for aggressive behavior in children. To begin with, films that are made for such experiments, as the one with the Bobo doll, are produced especially for that experiment. They are often short in length and focus on a single situation. The film usually does not show the motives for that kind of action and the consequences that may take place after. The other point to consider is the amount of violence that children were exposed to before since it may also have an impact on how they act. If they find themselves in a surrounding that is similar, they will feel more comfortable watching it and are more likely to behave aggressively.15 Viewers who are exposed to a massive amount of media violence, according to Anderson, are more likely to think of the world as the place where violence is the only way to get what we want and that it is composed of brutality and fear. Children who are in constant contact _______________________ 13 Joseph R. Dominick, 540. 14 Joseph R. Dominick, 541. 15 Joseph R. Dominick, 541. with media violence are more likely to accept violence in other children.16 To better understand why violence in mass media may have an influence on children we have to look at the amount of time that children are being exposed to such mediums every day. In the past few years, the amount of violence in mass media has greatly increased, and the amount of time that children spent in front of the television, playing video games and watching action shows.17 According to Shapley and the survey that has been conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation, todays kids are working the equivalent of a full-time job consuming media: 7 hours and 38 minutes every day, on average. 18 These days it seems that media devices have taken over childrens lives, but that should not be a surprise since we live in a world filled with technological devices. It is more a matter of how much time parents allow their children to be exposed to such devices. Hutton stated that, the other thing that has been of great concern is that children have become masters of multitasking. They are able t o divide their attention between two or more devices at the same time.19 Counting each device separately, these kids have found a way to cram in a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes of media content into those 7 and a half hours. 20 During that time children will witness hundreds of violent acts and for many it will be difficult to tell the difference of what is real and what is fiction. According to the article Violence in Media Entertainment, two professors from Laval University, Guy Paquette and Jacques de Guise, have carried out a study from 1993 until 2001. They have examined various programs, including children programming, on six Canadian television networks. Their studies have shown that the number of violence acts on television has risen by 378 per cent that is between the years 1993 and 2001. Violence acts on television have not just increased in number, but also in quality. Media violence has become more brutal, bloodier, uglier and due to great technology more realistic.21 Many times it is shown on TV that violence is a good and adequate way to get what you ______________________ 16Craig A. Anderson, et al., The Influence of Media Violence on Youth; Vol. 4, No. 3 (December 2003), http://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/pspi/pspi43.pdf . 17Lindsay Hutton, The M2 Generation. Are Your Kids Too Dependent on the Media? http://life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html. 18 Dan Shapley, Kids Spend Nearly 55 Hours a Week Watching TV, Texting, Playing Video Gamesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, (January 20, 2010) http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/kids-television-47102701. 19Lindsay Hutton, http://life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html. 20 Lindsay Hutton, http://life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html. 21 Media Awareness Network (2010), Violence in Media Entertainment, http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/violence_entertainment.cfm want. According to the article How TV Affects your Children, youngsters are usually taught to copy the actions of good guys, but these good guys sometimes push themselves to violent acts themselves to achieve something. All parents teach their children that kicking, hitting or biting is wrong. On the other hand we see that television shows kids otherwise; it shows them that it is acceptable for good guys to do so. Who are the children to believe? All this may lead children to become confused and disorientated. Since many children want to imitate their favorite TV characters they may push themselves to aggressive behaviors to get want they want, moreover, they may feel unsafe in their environment and fear that something bad may come their way. 22 Children who are exposed to massive amounts of violence are less likely to feel any sympathy for victims of violent acts. They may get the impression that being a victim is all right. According to Cardwell and Flanagan: Under normal conditions, anxiety about violence inhabits its use. Media violence may, however, stimulate aggressive behavior by desensitizing children to the effects of violence. The more televised violence a child watches, the more acceptable aggressive behavior becomes for the child. Frequent viewing of television violence may cause children to be less anxious about violence. Therefore those who become desensitized to violence may perceive it as normal and be more likely to engage in violence themselves. 23 Due to the massive exposure of media violence children become desensitized to real acts of violence. This exposure decreases the feeling of empathy and concern towards victims of real violence. Children, who watch tremendous amount of media violence, become indifferent to media violence and in the long run to the violence and victims of violence in real life. According to Gelletly and a study that Dr. David Satcher has conducted, Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General, media violence is a probable factor for acts of children violence. Gelletly also states that in some cases of violence there are similarities and imitations of movie characters that the children saw. Let us look at the year 1993, when a two-year-old child was kidnapped and murder by two eleven-year-old boys. This crime has occurred after the ______________________ 22KidsHealth from Nemours. How TV Affects Your Child http://kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html 23 Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan , Psychology A2. A Complete Companion, (United Kingdom; Nelson Thomas LTD., 2004), 52. boys have seen the movie Childs Play 3. Those two eleven-year-old boys were imitating the main characters in the movie. To shortly summarize the movie is about two boys who try to kill a doll that is possessed by evil. Another incident happened in 1995, when a group of teenagers set a New York City subway employee on fire. This has been an imitation of a scene from a movie that has been released the same year as that incident took place. In 1998, a twelve-year-old from Maryland committed suicide leaving a letter citing a cartoon character, Kenny, from the show South Park. Another eleven-year-old hangs himself and it is believed that he has been triggered by Kennys character to do so. It was reported that a few days before his death he mentioned a couple of times that it is OK if he dies because he will be back and everything would be normal.24 In a way media should be blamed for all these incidents because we can see a definite connection between media violence and real-life. We do n ot know the true story behind these incidents and what really forced these children to commit such acts, but we can see that media violence had been an inspiration for them. Additionally, Gelletly states that, it would be a mistake to deny the fact that these copycat crimes are not in a small portion the result of media violence that children are being exposed to. 25 Media violence and its influence have been of concern for decades. Somewhat cautiously it can be said that media violence has affected children in the past and still is. Levine stated that, there is no question that children learn from the television shows and movies they watch.26 By far media has the greatest influence on our children since children spend more of their free time exposed to mediums than enjoying the outside or studying. However, according to Levine, parents can take action and lower the exposure of their children to violence or take part in what they are watching.27 Levine emphasis that the first step that parents should take is to limit the time that children sit in front of the television or spend time using other mediums, but most importantly parents should be a part of what their children watch. Studies have shown that shows and movies that children watch do not grab their parents attention.28 Less than half of all parents monitor __________________ 24 LeeAnne Gelletly , Violence in the Media, (Michigan; Thomson Gale Corp, 2005), 62-65. 25 LeeAnne Gelletly 62-65. 26 Madeline Levine, See No Evil. A Guide to Protecting Our Children from Media Violence, (San Francisco; Jossey-Bass Publishers 1998), 199. 25 Madeline Levine, 199. 28 Madeline Levine, 206-207. their childs television viewing. 29 Levine stated that, the only concern that parents have when it comes to watching television is the time their children stay up. It is impossible for parents to sit at all times with their children and watch television, but at least parents should get a sense of what their children are watching.30 Once parents are somewhat aware of what their children like and are interested in, they can develop a plan to help their child avoid the worst of what TV offers and enjoy the best. 31 If parents get the opportunity to watch television with their children they should bring up discussions about what they are watching. As said by Levine, the discussion could focus on how the cartoon character or the actor could solve its problems without the use of violence. Many times television avoids showing the consequences of violent behavior of its actors. This could encourage a discussion on what consequences would there be in real life.32 Parents should help their chi ldren understand right from wrong and help them realize that violence is not the answer to our problems and that what they see on television is not always acceptable in real life. Over the years hundreds of studies have been conducted and have shown that aggressive behaviors that children develop are the results of media violence that children have soaked up over the years. The massive amounts of violence that children are exposed to everyday make them think that violence is an efficient way in solving their problems and it may lead to real-life violence. Television has become the number one medium of visual violence. As it has been mentioned above children watch the same amount of television as if they were working a full-time job. The use of mediums takes up most of the time that children have for themselves during the day and the time that they should spend on other activities. Violence is everywhere whether in cartoons, movies, news, or the Internet; it has taken over the entertainment world and the world of our children. Parents should place boundaries at the amount of time that their children spend watching TV and limit the amount of media violence in th eir lives and most importantly encourage discussions on media violence. Parents should not use mediums as babysitters and they should pay attention to what their children watch, play or what websites they view online. _______________________ 29 Madeline Levine, 207. 30 Madeline Levine, 208. 31 Madeline Levine, 208. 32 Madeline Levine, 208.

Star Wars: An Intergalactic Joyride :: essays research papers fc

Star Wars: An Intergalactic Joyride "Star Wars" is the highest grossing movie of all time. It is also one of my favorites. It was released in May 1977 and re-released in a restored and enhanced Special Edition just last month. There are many different criteria that can be used to describe Å’Star Wars' appeal. Gary Arnold and Edward Rothstein, two movie critics who had the opportunity to review this great movie, explain its appeal in very much the same way. There is a difference though. Arnold reviewed the original Å’Star Wars' twenty years ago and Rothstein reviewed the recent Special Edition. While they reviewed slightly different versions, they both came to the conclusion that Star Wars is a great movie based on similar criteria. They judged Å’Star Wars' on its ability to draw on classic styles and timeless stories to create something new and absolutely original. The main factor in both of their positive reviews is the skill of writer and director George Lucas to blend the old with the new. They were both impressed with his miraculously fresh configuration of many different themes from classic film and mythic origin into a cohesive and entertaining movie. He has achieved a witty and exhilarating synthesis of themes and cliches from the Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers comics and serials, plus such related but less expected sources as the western, the pirate melodrama, the aerial combat melodrama and the samurai epic. The movie's irresistible stylistic charm derives from the fact that Lucas can draw upon a variety of action-movie sources with unfailing deftness and humor. He is in superlative command of his own movie-nurtured fantasy life. Gary Arnold, Washington Post Staff Writer Mr. Rothstein along the same lines as Mr. Arnold, mentions that Å’the plot line of Star Wars follows the mythic archetechture outlined by Joseph Campbell in his study of myth, "The Hero with a Thousand Faces," which has influenced Mr. Lucas.' Another aspect, unique to Rothstein's review of the new Special Edition but not quite different from Arnold's assessment, is the way in which the movie celebrates the past and not the future. This aspect of Å’Star Wars', Rothstein says, is what Å’screams out in opposition to the high-budget, high-tech, special- effect spectaculars that it (Star Wars) spawned.' This is where, Rothstein says, that Å’Star Wars' gets its authenticity. The whimsical ramshackleness is actually meant to be a sign of the heroes' authenticity: what is older is more powerful... technology, when it appears in Å’Star Wars,' is evil, ghastly, massive and brutish..."advanced" invention is most evident in the space ships of the evil

Manuel Quezon of the Philippines

Manuel Quezon is generally considered the second president of the Philippines, even though he was the first to head the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American administration, serving from 1935 to 1944.  Emilio Aguinaldo, who had served in 1899-1901 during the Philippine-American War, is usually called the first president. Quezon was from an elite mestizo family from the east coast of Luzon. His privileged background did not insulate him from tragedy, hardship, and exile, however. Early Life Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina was born on August 19, 1878, in Baler, now in Aurora Province. (The province is actually named after Quezons wife.) His parents were Spanish colonial army officer Lucio Quezon and primary school teacher Maria Dolores Molina. Of mixed Filipino and Spanish ancestry, in the racially segregated Spanish Philippines, the Quezon family were considered blancos or whites, which afforded them more freedom and higher social status than purely Filipino or Chinese people enjoyed. When Manuel was nine years old, his parents sent him to school in Manila, about 240 kilometers (150 miles) away from Baler. He would remain there through university; he studied law at the University of Santo Tomas  but did not graduate. In 1898, when Manuel was 20, his father and brother were accosted and murdered along the road from Nueva Ecija to Baler. The motive may have been simply robbery, but it is likely that they were targeted for their support of the colonial Spanish government against the Filipino nationalists in the independence struggle. Entry into Politics In 1899, after the US defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War and seized the Philippines, Manuel Quezon joined Emilio Aguinaldos guerrilla army in its fight against the Americans. He was accused a short time later of murdering an American prisoner of war, and was imprisoned for six months, but was cleared of the crime for lack of evidence. Despite all of that, Quezon soon began to rise in political prominence under the American regime. He passed the bar exam in 1903 and went to work as a surveyor and clerk.  In 1904, Quezon met a young Lieutenant Douglas MacArthur; the two would become close friends in the 1920s and 1930s. The newly-minted lawyer became a prosecutor in Mindoro in 1905  and then was elected governor of Tayabas the following year. In 1906, the same year he became governor, Manuel Quezon founded the Nacionalista Party with his friend Sergio Osmena. It would be the leading political party in the Philippines for years to come. The following year, he was elected to the inaugural Philippine Assembly, later renamed the House of Representatives. There, he chaired the appropriations committee and served as majority leader. Quezon moved to the United States for the first time in 1909, serving as one of two resident commissioners to the US House of Representatives. The Philippines commissioners could observe and lobby the US House  but were non-voting members. Quezon pressed his American counterparts to pass the Philippine Autonomy Act, which became law in 1916, the same year that he returned to Manila. Back in the Philippines, Quezon was elected to the Senate, where he would serve for the next 19 years until 1935. He was selected as the first President of the Senate  and continued in that role throughout his Senate career. In 1918, he married his first cousin, Aurora Aragon Quezon; the couple would have four children. Aurora would become famous for her commitment to humanitarian causes. Tragically, she and their eldest daughter were assassinated in 1949. Presidency In 1935, Manuel Quezon headed a Filipino delegation to the United States to witness US President Franklin Roosevelts signing of a new constitution for the Philippines, granting it semi-autonomous commonwealth status. Full independence was supposed to follow in 1946.   Quezon returned to Manila and won the first national presidential election in the Philippines as the Nacionalista Party candidate. He handily defeated Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay, taking 68% of the vote.   As president, Quezon implemented a number of new policies for the country. He was very concerned with social justice, instituting a minimum wage, an eight-hour workday, the provision of public defenders for indigent defendants in court, and the redistribution of agricultural land to tenant farmers. He sponsored the building of new schools across the country, and promoted womens suffrage; as a result, women got the vote in 1937. President Quezon also established Tagalog as the national language of the Philippines, alongside English. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese had invaded China in 1937 and started the Second Sino-Japanese War, which would lead to World War II in Asia. President Quezon kept a wary eye on Japan, which seemed likely to target the Philippines soon in its expansionist mood. He also opened the Philippines to Jewish refugees from Europe, who were fleeing increasing Nazi oppression in the period between 1937 and 1941. This saved about 2,500 people from the Holocaust. Although Quezons old friend, now-General Douglas MacArthur, was assembling a defense force for the Philippines, Quezon decided to visit Tokyo in June of 1938. While there, he tried to negotiate a secret mutual non-aggression pact with the Japanese Empire. MacArthur learned of Quezons unsuccessful negotiation, and relations temporarily soured between the two. In 1941, a national plebiscite amended the constitution to allow presidents to serve two four-year terms rather than a single six-year term. As a result, President Quezon was able to run for re-election. He won the November  1941 poll with almost 82% of the vote over Senator Juan Sumulong. World War II On December 8, 1941, the day after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Japanese forces invaded the Philippines.  President Quezon and other top government officials had to evacuate to Corregidor along with General MacArthur.  He fled the island in a submarine, moving on to Mindanao, then Australia, and finally the United States.  Quezon set up a government in exile in Washington D.C.   During his exile, Manuel Quezon lobbied the US Congress to send American troops back into the Philippines.  He exhorted them to Remember Bataan, in reference to the infamous Bataan Death March.  However, the Filipino president did not survive to see his old friend, General MacArthur, make good on his promise to return to the Philippines. President Quezon suffered from tuberculosis.  During his years in exile in the US, his condition steadily worsened until he was forced to move to a cure cottage in Saranac Lake, New York.  He died there on August 1, 1944.  Manuel Quezon was originally buried in Arlington National Cemetery, but his remains were moved to Manila after the war was over.