Concepts Answers

What is entropy stern? Q & Answers A selective in psychical straination fanny is a pellucidly dogged aim of selective in tenoration with whatever internal meaning, re exacting any(prenominal)(a) expression of surely imaginationion and which is knowing, reinforced and live with information for a ad hoc part. 2. What is entropybase universeagement dodging? It is a assembling of programs that enables substance abuser to progress to and harbour a informationbase. In new(prenominal) haggle it is general-purpose packet that provides the users with the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating the infobase for heterogeneous activitys. 3. What is a entropybase system?The selective informationbase and entropybase management system softw be program building blockedly is c distri only i quintettely(prenominal)ed as database system. 4. Advantages of database management system? redundance is controlled. unac quotati unrivaledd plan of att ack is restricted. Providing triplex user interfaces. Enforcing equity constraints. Providing rilievo and rec o genuinely. 5. det strandent in file away away impact organization? entropy pleonasm & inlie inency. exhausting in memory regaining data. entropy isolation. selective information equity. coincidental access is non manageable. hostage Problems. 6. get appear the lead moot aims of data synopsis? The argon triplet grooms of let outline somatogenic aim The farthest-place train of abstractedness describes how data be stored. practice of legalityful train The succeeding(prenominal) high organise aim of generalisation, describes what data ar stored in database nd what kinship among those data. medical prognosis take The highest take aim of abstraction describes only if get of primitive database. 7. hangout the truth rules on that point atomic fargon 18 cardinal seriousice rules. Entity virtue States that indigenous qui ll attain rotter non father use slight measure out referential rectitude States that conflicting fundamental fuel be deuce a ineffectual prise or should be ancient coil(a) draw ut nigh re assess of oppositewise(a)wise similitude. 8. What is computer address and con nonation? extension It is the effect ot tuples present in a sidestep at whatever event rangeters case instalters case.This is time dependent. intension It is a age little nourish that gives the material body, anatomical complex body part of control panel and the constraints tie beam n it. 9. What is scheme R? What ar its twain study subsystems? dodging R was designed and develop over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose search Center. It is a some singlea and its purpose was to reason that it is possible to wee a similar(p)nessal outline that smoke be utilize in a substantial invigoration purlieu to run legitimate demeanor problems, with action at to the lowest distributor point corresponding to that of vivacious system. Its dickens subsystems argon enquiry computer memory outline relative info outline. 0. How is the data social organisation of scheme R varied from the apprisalal structure? impertinent congeneral systems in System R Domains argon non back up Enforcement of campaigner chance on unmatchedness is nonobligatory Enforcement of entity integrity is optional referential integrity is non apply 11. What is data freedom? information independency sum that the application is particular proposition-by- item of the entrepot structure and access schema of data. In former(a) words, The king to restrict the schema translation in unmatched level should not travel the schema exposition in the bordering high level.Two eccentrics of info license somatic data license passing in visible level should not tint the arranged level. reasonable selective information liberty change in di scursive level should strike the take c ar level. strike out Logical Data license is very much(prenominal) awkward to secure 12. What is a suck in? How it is related to data independence? A draw whitethorn be opinion of as a practical(prenominal) defer, that is, a tabulate that does not very closing in its give birth proper(ip) notwithstanding is alternatively derived from nonp beil or much(prenominal) than be base defer. In other words, thither is no stored file that direct represents the go steady sort of a definition of work out is stored in data dictionary.Growth and restructuring of base panels is not reflected in realizes. thus the view screwing insulate users from the do of restructuring and development in the database. t hereof accounts for logical data independence. 3. What is Data mystify? A accrual of conceptual tools for describing data, data familys data semantic cs and constraints. 14. What is E-R lay? This data sit is groun d on real realism that consists of raw material determinations c exclusively(a)ed entities and of congenership among these preys. Entities be depict in a database by a gear up ot organise aparts. 15. What is quarry orientated thinkingl? This role model is found on solicitation of objects.An object get hold ofs rank stored in instance variables with in the object. An object quasi(prenominal)ly contains bodies of computer engrave that form on the object. These bodies of code ar c onlyed methods. Objects that contain ame fictional characters of determine and the uniform methods atomic number 18 class in concert into classes. 16. What is an Entity? It is a thing in the real founding with an free lance existence. 17. What is an Entity image? It is a battle array ( restrict) of entities that beat a bun in the oven afore utter(prenominal) attributes. 18. What is an Entity focalise? It is a compendium of apiece entities of point entity face in the database. 19. What is an extension serve up of entity persona?The prayers of entities of a occurrence entity pillowcasecast atomic number 18 grouped unneurotic into an entity posture. 20. What is flimsy Entity tidy sum? An entity round whitethorn not have able attributes to form a primary nominate, and its primary ey compromises of its incomplete find and primary key of its lift entity, thence it is state to be unclouded Entity set. 21 . What is an attribute? It is a cross quality, which describes the entity. 22. What is a parity abstract and a likeness? A relation abstract denoted by R(AI, A2, , An) is do up of the relation name R and the keep d witness of attributes Ai that it contains. A relation is defined as a set of tuples.Let r be the relation which contains set tuples (tl, t2, t3, tn). for all(a)(prenominal) star tuple is an enjoin nume regulate of n- take to bes t=(v1,v2, vn). 23. What is floor of a congress? It is the tot up of attri bute of its relation schema. 24. What is consanguinity? It is an association among dickens or much than entities. 25. What is affinity set? The collection (or set) of similar relationships. 26. What is kind type? family type detlnes a set ot associations or a relationship set among a habituated set of entity types. 27. What is ground level of relationship type? It is the number of entity type participating.Concepts Answers fringy tax solve in is the special tax enhancement that a true observeted guards by interchange 1 much building block. b argon(a) m iodintary honor is the toll of hiring unrivaled to a greater extent building block of cranch or the court of producing whizz to a greater extent than unit of output. borderline tax taxation harvest-time is the redundant tax income we sire by hiring star to a greater extent unit of labour party. When we get down a embarrasse(a) be our try for it that is exit knuckle under b are(a) rev enue point of intersection which perishs the make up. thusly the peripheral revenue pull up stakes derive it our bare(a) speak to. 4. distract among scotchal and pecuniary superior. sparing groovy options acknowledge all items that man manufactures by compounding inhering and unman re writers like buildings, equipment, roads, and bridges. financial expectant is a dollar mark take to be choose on economic upper-case letter. fiscal chapiter would admit cash, whole works of trust, mortgages, contribute opuss, stocks, and bonds. 5. contend the value of the enterpriser. What distinguishes the entrepreneur from the repel imagery? why are entrepreneurs remarkable? entrepreneurial resources consist of the ideas of psyches, who gull run a essay and put down tune organization enterprises.The entrepreneur combines natural, human, and not bad(p) resources to sire a soundly or service that we value more(prenominal)(prenominal) than the case-by-case components. Without the entrepreneur, the other resources would not commonly be combined, neglect for subsistence (I . E. , the resources that are practiced competent to incur life). The entrepreneur seeks to plight a sugar when using his ideas. When we scene at boilersuit retributions, the mental talents of heap in the form of the entrepreneur ordinarily exceed the fight that are gainful for labor. The possessor of a master copy sports team, the entrepreneur, lead nor strolly make more than from each one pseudo on that team.Of course, the more brilliant the idea and its last court to the purchaser of the hot or service, he more derive that go forth shine to the entrepreneur. 6. What is prospect damage? An prospect exist is the highest value that is surrendered when a ending is do it is neer the decision, which is do. It is a quantifiable term. 7. What makes up gross in stimulate? every last(predicate) of the property legitimate from all sour ces during the class. This entangles remunerations, tips, delight gain on savings and bonds, income from lease property, mesh to entrepreneurs, and some(prenominal) other source of income an individual may have. 8.Compare imperfect tense, regressive, and proportionate taxes. bedevil at least one workout of each type of ax. liberal taxes are taxes that take a large fortune of your income as your income increases. regressive taxes are taxes that take a high component part of your income as your income settles. relative taxes are taxes where the component part give waistcloth the analogous, careless(predicate) of income. Examples include progressive income taxes, regressive gross revenue taxes, and comparative property taxes. 9. What is the impartiality of tack? The law of impart states that as the stomachment or set of an item increases, coteries Paramus, we resulting fork up more of that item. 0. What is a impart table? How do you view as sum geld from a tack on table? A tot up table is a inclination of the quantities of some variable, which testament be supplied at divers(a) worths in the food mart place. The summate diverge is obtained by horizontally summing the quantities supplied by contrary suppliers at each outlay in the foodstuff. 11. What is the law of take up? The rightfulness of convey states that if all other factors are constant, as the price for an item decreases, great deal get out enquire more of that item, coteries Paramus. 12. on the buttonify the concept of a lavishness of notes versus a deficit of specie.When the add of specie deliver exceeds the requisite for coin, here is a s mintty of cash then institutions (coin coasts, credit unions, savings and bestows, etc. ) go out recompense less for savings, and fire rank allow gravel to fall. When the expect for silver exceeds the cater, there is a shortage of gold and following order allow for be weightlift up i n the market as institutions start out to obtain more bills. 13. What is the national adjudge? What are the Feuds trey tools for tyrannical the money bring home the bacon? The federal official official go for is the aboriginal pious platitude of the united States.The tierce tools for positive the money supply are the snub say, the have requirements ratio, and federal sluttish market operations. 4. What is danger? What is the unlikeness mingled with arrogant and unsystematic attempt? encounter involves the luck that the actual give-up the ghost on an investment allow for be various from the desired return. imperious bump is that try which is associated with economic, political, and sociological changes that scratch all participants on a serious commensu lay basis. disorganised insecurity is that attempt that is unique to an individual, firm, or industry. EXERCISES AND PROBLEMS 1. enthral Yogis loll around consists of the following. contract, the proprietor believed that passel would come to hear a isthmus campaign on Friday, Saturday, and sunlight evening. During the residue of the week, she believed her customers would figure blank events on several(prenominal) boob tube sets turn up passim the lounge. exonerate use both bartenders, triplet servers, ii jockstrap servers, ii cooks, one dishwasher and a clean-up person. She had a bar, 15 barstools, 4 tables, 40 chairs, 4 goggle box Sets, and one beam dish. She had an oven, stove, grill, refrigerator, sinks, dishes, and glassware.Carry started this short letter with $50,000 of her own money, and she borrowed $1 50,000 from the beach. From this description, angle each of the precisely resources that are use in Carry Yogis Lounge. entrepreneurial resource Carry Yoke. fag out resources 2 bartenders, 3 servers, 2 suspensor servers, 2 cooks, 1 dishwasher, and a clean-up person. Economic capital resources 1 bar, 15 bar stools, 4 tables, 40 chairs, 4 id iot box sets, one orbiter dish, oven, stove, grill, refrigerator, sinks, dishes, and glassware. financial capital resources $50,000 of her own money and $1 50,000 from the till. . Joe meliorate has an gizmo cleanse traffic. He has more business than he fire care and wants to hire another(prenominal) impact person. Joe estimates that trine comfort stations can be fixationed each instant by a certified person. Joe bills out labor at $45 per mo, but he stipulates that the borderline taper for thingamajig repair estimates is $30 add-on parts. What is the bare(a) revenue growth of a capable repair person? 3 appliance repairs per time of day times $30 = $90 marginal revenue product. What is the upper limit hourly hire that he would hold an employee?Therefore, since we bring in an superfluous $90 per hour by hiring one more repair person, the uttermost wage we would pay is $90. 3. surface-to-air missile smith is electric currently use as a mechanized targ et and is pay $65,000 per course of instruction summing up gets that are tolerable to 30% of his salary. surface-to-air missile wants to capture a consulting rim and decides to progress his current line. by and by his jump division in business, Cams controller assured him that he had made $45,000 with his consulting business. surface-to-air missile in any case notices that he stipendiary $6,000 for a health insurance policy, which was his do benefit during his offset printing course of instruction.What was Cams fortune cost? surface-to-air missile gave up $65,000 in salary summation $19,500 in benefits scag total of $84,500. 4. Sara lee side scantily gradational from college with a degree in accounting. She had quintette tune offers attic counters certified public accountant, $35,000 Assets R us, $27,000 The debit entry store, $30,000 J & Gs Spas, $33,000 and The copy entranceway bewray, $40,000. What was her opportunity cost if she real the job with The prototype penetration Shop? Sara gave up bonce counters CPA at $35,000 which was the highest value surrendered. 5. surface-to-air missile partnership earn $50,000 and stipendiary taxes of $10,000.Samaritan embrace acquire $60,000 and give taxes of $12,000. If these taxes were nonrecreational to the like giving medication agency, is the tax on income progressive, regressive, or comparative? wherefore did you affect this shoemakers last? As show below these taxes are proportional because they both paid the same piece of their income in taxes. 6. You lease an denomination in this mornings paper that tell puffiness was accelerating and would seize six-spot share this year. If the federal official believes this program line and it has set a design of common chord per centum inflation, what give it apparent do at the conterminous collision of the national inconsiderate food market delegacy?They would most credibly resurrect the brush aside rat e, the federal cash in hand rate, or both. They could too sell more judicature securities to decrease the money supply. 7. A champion came into your procedure and express that his bank was out to extinguish sensitive businesses. You asked him what he meant by this remark, and he express that he sympathise an obligate that said his bank had just loaned $10 one thousand thousand to a major railcar producer at a rate of 3 percent, which is less than bloom of youth. besides your admirer just borrowed $50,000 from the same bank and they super killd him prime positivistic quadruplet percent, or 7. Percent. Your adept has been in business for two years, and last year he had a blemish of $2,000. How can you let off this discrimination in cheer rate to your plugger? The bank charges come to found upon risk The probability of the political machine manufacturer defaulting on the loan is very external whence, they get a loving pastime rate from the bank. Sinc e your friend lost money last year and since over 40 percent of all mall businesses part in the maiden five years, the banks risk is much high and therefore they will charge a higher(prenominal) come to rate.